Swelling can have many different causes; some are serious while others are benign. Whatever the cause, there are several medications available to relieve the symptoms.
Swelling, medically referred to as oedema, is the enlargement of a body part, usually due to injury, fluid accumulation, or inflammation. Swelling can manifest in the joints, skin, and various organs and tissues throughout the body. Multiple factors can lead to swelling, some of which are more severe than others. The appropriate treatment for swelling hinges on its underlying cause. Depending on the specific cause of your swelling, your physician may recommend one of the following medications:
- Ibuprofen
Classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), it serves as a common pain reliever for various discomforts such as menstrual pain, toothache, back pain, and symptoms associated with flu, cold, or coronavirus (COVID-19). It effectively mitigates inflammation and swelling, including those resulting from strains and sprains.
Prescription-grade ibuprofen is prescribed to alleviate tenderness, swelling, pain, and stiffness linked to osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Its mechanism involves inhibiting the body’s production of a substance responsible for inflammation, pain, and fever. Ibuprofen is available in tablet, granule, capsule, and liquid forms for oral ingestion, as well as in gel, spray and mousse forms for topical application to the skin.
- Naproxen
Also classified as an NSAID, it effectively alleviates pain and swelling (inflammation) in muscles and joints. It can be used for various conditions to relieve symptoms, including muscle ache, headache, tendonitis, menstrual cramps, and dental pain.
Additionally, it mitigates swelling, pain, and joint stiffness associated with arthritis, gout attacks, and bursitis. Naproxen’s mechanism of action involves inhibiting the enzyme responsible for prostaglandin production, a crucial mediator of inflammation. Prostaglandins are naturally produced at the site of tissue injury and contribute to symptoms like redness, swelling, heat, and pain. Naproxen is available in prescription form as tablets or as a swallowable liquid.
- Proteolytic Enzymes
They are proteins capable of breaking down other proteins. They can be sourced from plants or obtained from the pancreas of various animals. There are many different types of proteolytic enzymes, including pancreatin, chymotrypsin, trypsin, bromelain, ficin, and papain. Medications like Chymoral Forte, which combine chymotrypsin and trypsin, play a crucial role in combating swelling and inflammation. These medications also aid in facilitating healing, expediting recovery, reducing muscle soreness, and aiding digestion.
- Aspirin
As a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is commonly used to alleviate mild to moderate pain and reduce swelling. Beyond pain relief and anti-inflammatory effects, aspirin can also lower fever and serve as a blood clot prevention measure. It’s effective in addressing various health concerns, including headache, flu, cold, sprains, menstrual cramps, strains, and chronic conditions like migraines and arthritis. Aspirin is available in pill, liquid, and powder forms, and is generally considered safe for adults, available both without a prescription or with one.
- Diuretics
Often referred to as ‘water pills’, they are a frequently prescribed medication for reducing swelling caused by excess fluid retention. These medications assist kidneys in eliminating surplus water and salt from the body through urine. Furosemide is one of the most commonly prescribed diuretics to address swelling. It’s important to note that there are various types of diuretics. Your doctor can determine the appropriate diuretic type and dosage based on the cause of your oedema (build-up of fluid in the body which causes the affected tissue to become swollen). Diuretics are available both with a prescription and over the counter, depending on their specific type and strength.
Swelling can be a common problem for some individuals. For instance, prolonged standing can lead to swelling in legs or feet. Pregnant women may also suffer from regular swelling in their ankles and feet. If swelling occurs without a clear reason, does not improve with treatment, or persists for an extended period, it’s advisable to consult a doctor. A medical professional can assess the swelling and determine its cause. Depending on the diagnosis, your doctor can then prescribe the appropriate medication to address both the swelling and its underlying cause.
